Tag: Neighborhoods

Lower East Side

Long considered by many “where America begins,” the Lower East Side has seen successive waves of immigrants live in its teeming buildings.  Irish, German, Italian, Jewish, Puerto Rican, African-American, and Chinese arrivals have contributed to what the Lower East Side is today.

In the early 1800s, New York expanded northward and the land was settled.  Industry located at the former Collect Pond (near Foley Square and the court complex) was relocated, the pond drained, and the land filled in.  New housing was built, but began to sag under the wet land—making the area undesirable.  Immigrants working at the nearby wharfs and docks on the East River made this district their home, including many Irish and Germans.  As more immigrants came to this area, they crowded into apartments and tenements that were built to house the masses.  Beginning in the late 1800s and lasting into the 1920s, Jews and other Eastern European immigrants fleeing persecution and war in Europe fled to America and to the Lower East Side.  Being one of the most densely populated areas in the country (and some would say the world) during this wave of immigration, many families worked from home sewing clothes in piecemeal fashion or in sweatshops.  Other enterprising residents of the neighborhood sold food and nearly every other household necessity out of pushcarts that crowded up and down the streets of the district.  Between the 1920s and 1960s, when there was a limit on foreign immigration, African Americans from the South and Puerto Ricans came to settle in the neighborhood.  The neighborhood entered a downward spiral between the 1960s and the 1980s due to less civic investment (the parcel where the Essex Crossing property development is being built was leveled in the early 1960s and left empty for nearly 50 years), neighborhood residents leaving for more spacious quarters in the Outer Boroughs and beyond, and rising crime rates (which have since fallen dramatically).

Starting in the 1990s and continuing to today, wealthier arrivals to the neighborhood have changed the character of the Lower East Side.  The area has attracted higher end businesses to the neighborhood, and new civic amenities such as the New Museum.  Longtime residents and businesses have been displaced.  This has created challenges, but is attracting another wave of new arrivals to the neighborhood—as has happened throughout its history.  With that said, there are still remnants of the old neighborhood in some of the old businesses along Houston Street, the Essex Street Market (which was built as a civic improvement project to take pushcart vendors off the streets), and grand religious structures such as the Bialystoker Synagogue.  Currently on Sundays, Orchard Street is closed so that shoppers can go down the street to the many clothing shops that still line it—as some of their ancestors may have done more than a century ago.

Throughout its history, the Lower East Side has been a beacon to newcomers to the city and to the country.  Any visitor should see this dynamic neighborhood, especially on a Sights by Sam -led tour, such as “Lost in the Lower East Side.

Greenwich Village

One of the most charming areas of the city, Greenwich Village has an amazing history and figures prominently on the itinerary of most tourists to New York.  Originally an independent city, Greenwich Village is best known for its past as a center for artists and nonconformists.

The area that forms Greenwich Village was originally its own town.  The area was named “Green Place” by the Dutch.  Since there was a village there when the grid of Manhattan creeped northward after 1811, the streets in the area are angled oddly and it is hard for first-time visitors to find their way around the neighborhood.  The location of a prison (now closed) in the area and its proximity to the port originally made it a rough area.

Although the area has had an artistic presence since the 1800s, the area came into its own as an enclave for artists, writers, performers, and other so-called Bohemians later.  At the turn of the 20th Century, the area started to attract theaters and a more Bohemian crowd started to arrive in the district.  Famous writers and artists flocked to the area in the first part of the 20th century such as Edna St. Vincent Millay and Edward Hopper to name two.

After World War II, “beatniks” began to settle in the area, adding to the area’s artistic edge.  As time went on, the neighborhood became a more desirable place to live, leading to greater gentrification of the area.  The neighborhood was also the site of the Stonewall Riots of 1969, which was the beginning of the modern gay rights movement in the U.S.   As the century came to a close, the area is most known today as the home of many rich and famous in addition to students from nearby New York University.

The most prominent landmark in the neighborhood is the Washington Square Arch, a 77 foot-tall arch which celebrates the centennial of Washington’s presidency and dominates the park.  In addition to its row houses and charming streets, Greenwich Village still inspires visitor and native alike.  Greenwich Village can be seen on a Sights by Sam tour.

Manhattan Neighborhood Gazetteer

Manhattan is the unofficial center of the world.  It is made up of many distinct neighborhoods that each have their own history.  While I intend to have more in-depth articles about each locale, this gazetteer will give you a little more insight into each district.  This is by no means an authoritative list as there are many smaller neighborhoods and neighborhood boundaries sometimes differ from person to person.

Financial District South of the Brooklyn Bridge and Barclay Street

This neighborhood is the third largest business district in the U.S. after Midtown Manhattan and the Chicago Loop.  It contains the colonial-era town and several of New York’s remaining Revolutionary War sites.  The New York Stock Exchange, World Trade Center complex, and several other large skyscrapers call this area home.  The South Street Seaport is located here in addition to ferry terminals for Staten Island and Governor’s Island.

Civic Center East of Broadway, south of Columbus Park

The Civic Center contains the City Hall, Municipal Building, headquarters of many city agencies, and court buildings for the federal, state, and city governments.  It is most distinctive for its stately administrative buildings from different architectural eras and as the Manhattan end of the Brooklyn Bridge.

SoHo and TriBeCa SoHo is south of Houston Street and bounded by Canal Street and Lafayette Street.  TriBeCa is wedged into a triangle below Canal Street that is bounded by Broadway and Barclay Street

Both former commercial and industrial areas, SoHo and TriBeCa were later colonized by artists and bohemians, who were later followed by professionals.  Both neighborhoods are known for cast-iron buildings (many of which are now lofts or expensive residences).  These two neighborhood names were created as a construct of real estate agents (the same naming conventions are now applied to areas all over the city).

Chinatown and Little Italy Bounded by Lafayette Street to the west, Houston to the north, Allen, Broome, and Essex Streets to the east, and Columbus Park to the south

These Lower Manhattan neighborhoods are historic immigrant neighborhoods.  Most of the area is taken up by Manhattan Chinatown, which has historically been made up of Cantonese people.  In recent years, people from other parts of China and Vietnam have established themselves in the neighborhood.  Italians have historically lived in the north part of the district, but are now found along Mulberry Street north of Canal Street.  A section around St. Patrick’s Old Cathedral is called “North of Little Italy”, which is a fashionable area.

Lower East Side-East Village South of 14th Street, hemmed in by the East River on the East, Broadway to the west, and snaking east of Allen, Broome, and Essex Streets

Although inhabited by immigrants of many nationalities, the Lower East Side is most known as its traditional role as the Jewish neighborhood of New York.  From the late 1800s until after World War II, the area was one of the largest Jewish centers of the world.  Although there are still traces of the Jewish presence in the area such as grand synagogues and restaurants, the area has become more mixed, with many Puerto Ricans arriving after World War II.  Today, young professionals are moving into the area.  North of Houston, the area can be divided into “Alphabet City” around Avenues A through D and the East Village in the other areas north of Houston Street.

Greenwich Village Hudson River is to the west, 14th Street to the north, Lafayette and Broadway to the east and Canal Street to the south

The former independent town of Greenwich, NY, Greenwich village is known for being the home of NYU and Washington Square Park.  As it was a different town initially, it has a unique street grid.  It is perhaps most famous for being the preserve of famous writers from the late 1800s to the 1960s.

Chelsea-Union Square-Flatiron District Between 14th Street to the south and 34th Street to the north and hemmed in by the Hudson on the west and the East River on the east.  Chelsea is west of Fifth Avenue.  Union Square is east of Fifth Avenue.  This area contains many smaller neighborhoods.

Chelsea is a residential area named after the soldier’s home in London.  It was formerly a residential and industrial area, now commercial and residential.  It is known to native New Yorkers as the location of the Chelsea Piers recreational complex.  The area is home to the High Line and many new businesses in the Meatpacking District, a neighborhood in the southwest part of Chelsea.  Union Square is centered where Fourth Avenue, Fifth Avenue, and Broadway all meet.  It is where New York units departed the city from during the Civil War and is today a popular site for protests.

Midtown Bordered by the East River to the east, Eighth Avenue to the west, 59th Street to the north, and 34th Street to the south.

In a city already unofficially titled the center of the universe, Midtown is the center of that center.  It is home to the largest business district in the country, massive skyscrapers containing corporate headquarters, the United Nations, Grand Central Terminal, and the Museum of Modern Art.  Large hotels are found in this area.  Other attractions are the Chrysler Building, Rockefeller Center (along Fifth Avenue in the high 40’s-low 50s), and Times Square (centered at the confluence of Broadway, Seventh Avenue, and 42nd Street).  The Empire State Building at 34th Street and 5th Avenue is located at the extreme southern end of Midtown.

Hell’s Kitchen bordered by the Hudson River to the west, 59th Street to the north, 34th Street to the south, and Eighth Avenue to the east

Penn Station is located at its extreme southern end.  Once known as a very gritty area (hence the colorful name), Hell’s Kitchen remains a residential area that has become increasingly popular with people working in Midtown.  It is also the site of the Hudson Yards megaproject, which will create a city-within-a-city like Rockefeller Center.  The U.S.S. Intrepid is moored here.  If you arrive to the city by cruise ship, you will debark your ship in this neighborhood.

Upper East Side Enclosed by 59th Street to the south, 96th Street to the north, Fifth Avenue to the west, and the East River to the east.

A well-to-do area since the early 1900s, the Upper East Side is known for its proximity to Central Park, stately apartment buildings along Fifth Avenue and Park Avenue, and the world famous Museum Mile along Fifth Avenue that includes the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Guggenheim Museum among others.

Upper West Side Enclosed by Central Park West to the east, the Hudson River to the west, Central Park North to the north, and 59th Street to the south.

This area is mainly a residential district.  Among several of the sites, in addition to Central Park, is the American Museum of Natural History.  The Lincoln Center is also in this area.

Harlem southern boundary at 96th Street/5th Avenue/Central Park North, bounded by the East River on the east and the Hudson River on the west and 155th Street to the north

Named after the town of Haarlem in the Netherlands, Harlem was originally populated by Germans, Jews, and Italians, it is most known for being the center of African American life in the city.  In the 1920s, a flourishing of the visual and written arts led to the Harlem Renaissance.  After decades of neglect, Harlem is once again experiencing a renaissance.  This area is the home of Columbia University and several stately churches, and the Cathedral of St. John the Divine.  East of Fifth Avenue is Spanish Harlem/ El Barrio, a primarily Latino neighborhood.

 

Washington Heights and Inwood surrounded by the Harlem and Hudson Rivers on the north, east, and west.  Southern boundary is 155th Street.

Washington Heights is named for George Washington’s command post during the Battle of New York in 1776.  Initially populated by Irish and Germans and later African Americans, the area is known for its Dominican population today.  Washington Heights is known for the Cloisters (a division of the Metropolitan Museum of Art) and the Manhattan approach to the George Washington Bridge.  Inwood is believed to be the site where Peter Minuit purchased Manhattan.